Importing ceramic tableware from China: the glaze is the contract

Ceramic tableware is the oldest category in the China trade and still one of the easiest to get wrong, because its two defining risks — what the glaze releases into food, and what the voyage does to a brittle product — are both invisible in the sample photos that close most deals. The kitchenware guide covers the category's food-contact frame; this piece goes deeper on the questions that are specifically ceramic.

Porcelain or not: the tariff's first question

The tariff splits ceramic tableware by body material: HS 6911 covers porcelain and china, while stoneware, earthenware and other ceramic bodies classify in the neighbouring heading. The distinction is technical — vitrification, translucency, the body's composition — and it is not a marketing choice: "porcelain-style" stoneware is stoneware to customs, whatever the listing says. Per the classification method, get the body material from the factory in writing and let your broker place it; the duty treatment can differ between the headings, and so can import monitoring, since ceramic tableware from China has at times attracted origin-and-measure attention in several destinations — one more reason the origin paperwork stays clean.

The glaze: where compliance lives

Everything the food-contact frame says about migration testing applies, with ceramic-specific sharpening:

• Lead and cadmium limits attach to the food surface. Most major markets set specific leach limits for ceramic ware; the flatware/hollowware distinction matters because limits are typically set per article type. Which regulation and which article categories apply in your destination is the first lab question.
• Decoration is the risk zone. Underglaze decoration sits sealed beneath the glass layer; on-glaze decals and metallic rims sit at or near the food surface. A plain white body that tests clean proves nothing about the decorated version of the same plate — test what you sell, decoration and all.
• Batch control beats certificates. Glaze chemistry drifts with suppliers and firing conditions. The kitchenware guide's question — how does the factory keep heavy-metal results stable across runs — is the ceramic question; a factory with an in-house testing habit and firing logs is a different risk class from one with a single lab PDF.
• Microwave and dishwasher claims are testable. Thermal-shock behaviour and decoration durability under repeated washing are standard test points; if the listing will claim them, the order spec should require them.

Sets, assortments and the classification wrinkle

Tableware sells in sets — a 16-piece dinner set, a cup-and-saucer pair — and sets classified together can be treated differently from their component pieces, particularly when a set mixes porcelain with stoneware serving pieces, bamboo lids, or the steel serving pieces of HS 7323. The set-versus-pieces question recurs across categories, but ceramics adds a commercial edge: replacement-piece sales (open stock) mean the same plate may ship both inside a set and as a single SKU, and the two can carry different classification answers. Settle both with your broker before pricing either.

Breakage is a number you negotiate, not suffer

Ceramics ship heavy and fragile — the weight-driven freight logic applies, plus a packing dimension the category lives or dies on:

• Specify the packing standard — cell dividers, edge protection, carton burst strength, drop-test survival — in the order, not in hope.
• Agree the breakage allowance and who bears it before shipping; an allowance without an inspection basis is a dispute waiting to happen, so tie it to the pre-shipment inspection's carton-drop sampling.
• Count breakage in the per-piece landed cost. Run the landed-cost structure through the calculator with the duty on your broker-confirmed code, the packed weight, and the replacement cost of the agreed breakage rate — the honest per-plate number includes the plates that will not survive.

Limits, monitoring measures and duty treatment vary by destination and by the article's body and decoration — treat this as the question list and confirm specifics with your customs broker and a testing lab before production. To start, describe the piece — body material, decoration, set composition, destination — and get the likely headings and the glaze-testing questions in one brief.